ʻO ka wehewehe pōkole:

ʻO ka mea hopu uila he mea pale overvoltage, ka mea nui no ka pale ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana uila, nā ʻōnaehana electrification alahao, nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio i nā ʻano mea uila (transformer,
hoʻololi, capacitor, trapper, transformers, generators, motors, power cables ) mai ka lewa ma luna o ka volta, overvoltage a me transient over-voltage e like me ka poino, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana mana.
Metal oxide surge arrester o na mea nui ( resistors ) me ka zinc oxide ma muli o ka holomua formulations, loaʻa maikaʻi loa nonlinear (VA) mau hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka hana maʻamau, i kēia manawa ma o ka microampere pae wale nō, i ka wā i hoʻopili ʻia i ka volta, i kēia manawa a hiki i nā tausani o nā amperes, hana i ka uila arrester on-state voltage, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ikehu, no laila e kaupalena pono ai.
over-voltage ma ka hoʻoili mana a me nā mea hana hoʻololi.
ʻO ka mea hopu kuʻuna silicon carbide surge ma muli o ka lohi o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka nalu ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hawewe hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka hawewe kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka hawewe hana ma ka hana ʻana o ka hawewe hoʻokuʻu ʻana.
kiʻekiʻe. ʻO Zinc oxide surge arrester me ka pane hawewe maikaʻi o ka hawewe hawewe, me ka kali ʻole, ke koena o ke kaumaha, ʻaʻohe dispers discharge etc.
nui loa, akā, i loko o ka insulation coordination, hiki ke kiʻekiʻe nalu, uila, hana hawewe pale pale palena kokoke uniformly, no laila, e hoʻolako i ka maikai pale no ka uila mana lako.
ʻO ka mea hoʻopaʻa uila uila i uhi ʻia, hoʻohana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana, ʻelua ʻenehana sealing, hana hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi, hana hōʻike pahū, a hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻohaumia.
kū'ē hoʻomaʻemaʻe manuahi noe lauoho pulu, uila erosion kū'ē, kahiko kū'ē, leo liʻiliʻi, māmā kaumaha, maʻalahi hoʻokomo a mālama. ʻO Porcelain ka hoʻonohonoho o ka mea hoʻopaʻa uila no ka
ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā huahana.